B-spline surfaces possess attractive properties such as a high degree of continuity or the local support of their basis functions. One of the major applications of B-spline surfaces in engineering geodesy is the least-square ...

For a trustworthy least-squares (LS) solution, a good description of the stochastic properties of the measurements is indispensable. For a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), the range variance can be described by a power law ...